HTML AND XHTML

HTML AND XHTML


XHTML is HTML written as XML.


What Is XHTML?


XHTML stands for EXtensible HyperText Markup Language
XHTML is almost identical to HTML
XHTML is stricter than HTML
XHTML is HTML defined as an XML application
XHTML is supported by all major browsers
Why XHTML?
Many pages on the internet contain "bad" HTML.

This HTML code works fine in most browsers (even if it does not follow the HTML rules):


Today's market consists of different browser technologies. Some browsers run on computers, and some browsers run on mobile phones or other small devices. Smaller devices often lack the resources or power to interpret "bad" markup.

XML is a markup language where documents must be marked up correctly (be "well-formed").

If you want to study XML, please read our XML tutorial.

XHTML was developed by combining the strengths of HTML and XML.

XHTML is HTML redesigned as XML.

The Most Important Differences from HTML:


Document Structure
XHTML DOCTYPE is mandatory
The xmlns attribute in <html> is mandatory
<html>, <head>, <title>, and <body> are mandatory
XHTML Elements
XHTML elements must be properly nested
XHTML elements must always be closed
XHTML elements must be in lowercase
XHTML documents must have one root element
XHTML Attributes
Attribute names must be in lower case
Attribute values must be quoted
Attribute minimization is forbidden

How to Convert from HTML to XHTML


Add an XHTML <!DOCTYPE> to the first line of every page
Add an xmlns attribute to the html element of every page
Change all element names to lowercase
Close all empty elements
Change all attribute names to lowercase
Quote all attribute values

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